...Tom, an interesting article, and one that I had not seen before. Of course, as you will know, French propaganda started much earlier than 1807-08.

See also, António Ventura, ‘A propaganda francesa durante a guerra peninsular’, Catedrático de História, Faculdade de letras, Lisboa, undated essay.

There was evidence of some collaboration and not a little animosity towards those thought culpable upon restoration of Portuguese authority.

Best wishes
A