The Military Principles of the Archduke Carl in the Context of His Intellectual Antecedents and His Military Reality
Lee W. Eysturlid
Illinois Math and Science Academy, 2009
The Archduke Carl of Teschen, the premier commander of the Habsburg military between 1793 and 1809, is often misunderstood in his inherent conservatism as a leader, theorist and historian. Too often he is simply seen in the context of his looming contemporaries, Napoleon Bonaparte and Carl von Clausewitz. This paper will look to explore the key political, military and religious theories that the Archduke studied and the potential impact that can be seen in his work, both theoretical and in practice.
https://digitalcommons.imsa.edu/hss_pr/5/
Also:
The Archduke Carl and the Realities of Habsburg Warfare from 1793-1814: Less Change Then You Thought
Lee W. Eysturlid
Illinois Math and Science Academy, 2011
https://digitalcommons.imsa.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1004&context=hss_pr
And
The Austrian Army
Lee Eysturlid
During the long, on-again-off-again wars generated by the events of the French Revolution, the Habsburg monarchy would contribute the largest single contingent of troops to the fight.1 For the Austrians, the wars fought over this nine-year period were a long-term disaster. Entering the war with a small, professional army, the monarchy would constantly be at loose ends to find the financing and manpower to carry out the demands of a European-wide war. Worse yet, and critical to remember, was that the disparate Habsburg lands were incapable of the political revolution that had allowed a homogenous France to mobilize so many men and such vast resources. There could be no real appeal to nationalism, like in France, in a state that had over a dozen national and linguistic groups. Not only was Austria poor by French or English standards, but it was a thoroughly early modern state, incapable of internal, liberal political reform. The history of Austria’s army and its leaders in these wars is, then, one of reaction and, when it occurred, temporary, superficial change. This said, and while the monarchy often saw defeat on the battlefield, its army’s ability to outlast its opponent allowed for its survival and eventual recovery.
https://digitalcommons.imsa.edu/hss_pr/14/
https://digitalcommons.imsa.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1004&context=hss_pr