Under optimum conditions, roundshot could be devastating but conditions rarely being optimum, considerations such as range, quality of powder, humidity and whether the shot bounced first would affect its velocity and thus its penetrating powers.

The main thing, I think, since we have accurate information on the casualites per company which I think suggest a probable formation and the position of the companies in that formation, is to establish to a greater degree of accuracy the position of the 23rd during the battle. I do not find Siborne's maps helpful on this subject at all.

DE Graves