Seems to be a cardboard container made, according to the label, especially for a (folded) map of France and its military divisions.

http://www.1789-1815.com/divisions_militaires.htm

This map seems to have been made by a certain Bellevue.

Normally, for use in the field, these maps were cut and glued on linen, which would be folded. Here an example what it looked like: