I only point out where Napoleon appears to have being giving orders for severities, or for covering up the misdeeds of others. I feel that what actually happens on the ground is affected by so many other forces that 'these things happen in war' is about all one can say on either side.

My main point has always been that Napoleon was not altogether a Good Thing and that those who objected to his rule, in and out of France had good reason.

I would like to think that his efficiency drive and taste for rebuilding would have led him to improve the French prison service. I daresay someone has evidence for that - I'll offer you this.

to General Clarke, 4th August, 1811
"I am informed that a great number of refractory conscripts are confined in the Citadel of the Ile de Re, and that they are dying from overcrowding. I do not see why they should not be allowed to move about the town. The Island itself must be guarded by the Custom-house authorities, and besides, I will not have men shut up in a manner detrimental to their health. Send an officer to verify these facts, and remedy them. I get a large number of fine conscripts in those islands, they must be well cared for."

Whehter the motivation was humanity or just a desire not to lose any more conscripts is open to interpretation, but the letter was omitted from the official Correspondence. Maybe it was the admission that so many men had to be imprisoned for their reluctance to join the glorious French army that was considered embarrassing.

regards,

Susan