No, I don't have evidence, though his art collection was famous and it is hard to believe it lawfully purchased. I'll try and see whether his memoirs have anything to say on the subject.

The reason I include the plunder of the Revolutionary wars is because, in case you hadn't noticed, it was the same generals involved. Most of the generals of the Empire had achieved the rank in the wars of the Revolution. Duhesme was reported for plundering on the Rhine in 1796 or 97, again in Naples in 1799, before being dismissed form Spain in 1810. Vandamme had a long running bad reputation, Napoleon had his wagons searched at one point.

Napoleon himself assumed his generals were stealing, he said in later years that Massena hd been acting to protect his loot whne he surrendered Genoa , I believe he said at the time that Dupont's capitulation had been aimed at protecting his loot. I don't say he was correct in these instances, but the fact that he took it for granted says quite a lot about his generals. Other French writers of the time also take it for granted, it's not an enemy notion. I hesitate to believe Thiebault in any given instance, but I think he claimed to have been one of only two honest generals in Spain!

regards,

Susan